by Merry Youle — Gram-neg­a­tive bac­te­ria pose a par­tic­u­lar chal­lenge to any en­ter­pris­ing phage. First the phage is met by the outer mem­brane (OM) – a bar­rier to sur­mount that also can be used as a con­ve­nient hand­grip for ad­sorp­tion. Next haz­ard is the nu­cle­ase-in­fested periplasm with its jun­gle of pep­ti­do­gly­can. An in­fect­ing phage genome…