• Life on a Pig's Skin

    by Sean Kear­ney — How fre­quently do mi­crobes ex­change genes when liv­ing on a host? This ques­tion has been on my mind lately. Broadly speak­ing, the dis­cov­ery of hor­i­zon­tal gene trans­fer (HGT) rev­o­lu­tion­ized the way we think about prokary­otic evo­lu­tion. No more could we think only of in­her­i­tance via ver­ti­cal de­scent — HGT made pos­si­ble the trans­mis­sion of traits even be­tween dis­tantly re­lated species.

  • Promis­cu­ous Bac­te­ria and Vi­ral Play­boys

    by Merry Youle — Bac­te­ria have been sex­u­ally promis­cu­ous, swap­ping genes with gusto, for a very long time. More than 15% of E. coli's genome has ar­rived via hor­i­zon­tal gene trans­fer (HGT), with some 200 in­stall­ments hav­ing turned up since it di­verged from Sal­mo­nella 100 mil­lion years ago. And, as you are prob­a­bly think­ing, those 200 are...