by Christoph — I had con­cluded the first part by say­ing that I would now dis­cuss what mu­ta­tions Koga et al. (2022) found in two mu­ta­tor E. coli lin­eages that al­lowed the bac­te­ria to suc­cess­fully "take over" from Pan­toea sp. as sym­bionts in Plau­tia stali stinkbugs (termed "im­proved" lin­eages.) Here we go...