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  • Outer Mem­brane Vesi­cles and Bio­pearling. A Snip­pet

    Outer Mem­brane Vesi­cles and Bio­pearling. A Snip­pet

    October 10, 2019November 16, 2025

    by Elio — When I started out in mi­cro­bi­ol­ogy some 70 years ago, bac­te­ria were just lit­tle balls or sausage-shaped rods, and, if you were of a fancy mind­set, corkscrew-like struc­tures. Some were en­dowed with fla­gella or cap­sules, but not much else. Their sur­face area was lim­ited to what you could see un­der an op­ti­cal mi­cro­scope.

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  • A Mi­cro­bial Liver

    A Mi­cro­bial Liver

    August 18, 2019November 16, 2025

    by Elio — Best I can tell, the ma­rine flat­worms Para­catenula sug­gest a novel twist on sym­bio­sis. Here, sym­bi­otic bac­te­ria do not just pro­vide car­bon com­pounds for their host but ac­tu­ally store them. And they do that also for en­ergy...

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  • TWiM #66: The Shape of a Con­tainer

    TWiM #66: The Shape of a Con­tainer

    October 18, 2013February 5, 2026

    Vin­cent, Elio, Michael, and Michele dis­cuss the cu­ri­ous outer mem­brane vesi­cles of Neis­se­ria menin­gi­tides, and sources of Clostrid­ium dif­fi­cile in­fec­tion re­vealed by genome se­quenc­ing.

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  • Vesic­u­la­tion: An­other Bac­te­r­ial Skill

    Vesic­u­la­tion: An­other Bac­te­r­ial Skill

    October 14, 2013December 22, 2025

    by Elio — Mi­cro­bi­ol­ogy, we will agree, is a vast sub­ject where many im­por­tant as­pects are likely to evade one's sight. Here's an ex­am­ple – the for­ma­tion of vesi­cles from the outer mem­brane of Gram-neg­a­tive bac­te­ria. This phe­nom­e­non, known as vesic­u­la­tion, is wide­spread and note­wor­thy for en­hanc­ing our un­der­stand­ing of bac­te­r­ial ca­pa­bil­i­ties and for…

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