by Ka­t­rina Nguyen — Ge­netic re­dun­dancy, when two genes en­code for the same func­tion, is wide­spread among many or­gan­isms. Re­dun­dant genes con­fer an ad­van­tage: if one gene is lost, its part­ner can sub­sti­tute and the phe­no­type of the or­gan­ism will not change. It is un­clear how re­dun­dancy is main­tained dur­ing evo­lu­tion since se­lec­tion against…