• Polymi­cro­bial In­fec­tions

    Per­haps The Rule, Not The Ex­cep­tion by Katy Pa­tras — The re­cent film World War Z de­scribes an apoc­a­lyp­tic event where a ra­bies-like virus spreads via bite wounds to the ma­jor­ity of Earth's pop­u­la­tion and turns them into zom­bies. Since the world's lead­ing vi­rol­o­gist dies early in the film, it is up to Brad Pitt's char­ac­ter to find the source…

  • No Bac­terium Is An Is­land

    by S. Mar­vin Fried­man — To para­phrase an old adage, no bac­terium is an is­land. In­deed, bac­te­ria in na­ture ex­ist as polymi­cro­bial com­mu­ni­ties where in­ter­ac­tions be­tween in­di­vid­u­als in­flu­ence ac­tiv­i­ties of the en­tire pop­u­la­tion. This is es­pe­cially true of path­o­genic bac­te­ria, al­though it has been mostly ig­nored be­cause we fre­quently iso­late a sin­gle species from an in­fec­tion…