by Daniel P. Haeusser — Gen­eral bi­ol­ogy text­books, like the one I use for teach­ing, of­ten de­pict the prokary­otic cell as an oval of ho­moge­nous-ap­pear­ing cy­to­plasm sur­rounded by two mem­branes. This sim­pli­fied im­age of a Gram-neg­a­tive bac­te­r­ial cell con­trasts with the de­pic­tion of a well-or­ga­nized, fea­ture-laden eu­kary­otic cell with its mem­brane-bound or­ganelles. While many would…