Vin­cent, Elio, Michael, and Michele dis­cuss ev­i­dence that the acel­lu­lar per­tus­sis vac­cine fails to pre­vent in­fec­tion and trans­mis­sion in non­hu­man pri­mates, and the use of bac­te­r­ial cy­to­log­i­cal pro­fil­ing to iden­tify path­ways tar­geted by an­tibi­otics.